Nylon, raws li ib qho tseem ceeb engineering yas, muaj ntau cov kev siv hauv ntau thaj teb. Nkag siab txog cov qauv nylon cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tob ntawm nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev thov.
Cov txheej txheem theem pib ntawm nylon muaj cov chav rov qab sib txuas los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus sawv cev. Amide Bonds yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pab pawg carboxyl thiab pab pawg amino thiab muaj cov polarity siab. Qhov kev sib koom ua polarity ua kom muaj zog hydrogen kev sib raug zoo ntawm nylon lwg me me. Qhov rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm nylon feem ntau muaj cov kabmob uas duav thiab cov diacid lossis amino acids. Piv txwv li, cov nylon 66 yog tsim los ntawm hexamethylenediamine thiab nylon acid, thiab nylon kua roj-qhib polymerization ntawm caprolactam. Cov qauv sib txawv sib txawv txiav txim cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm ntau hom ntawm nylon.
Cov molecular saw qauv qauv ntawm cov nylon suav nrog cov qauv kab thiab cov qauv qauv. Nws cov molecular feem ntau linear, thiab cov qauv no ua rau nylon muaj siab crystallinity thiab ib txwm muaj. Hauv lub xeev crystalline, cov ntaub nylon molecular tau npaj kom tsim cov qauv siv lead ua kom zoo, yog li txhim kho lub zog, hardness thiab kub ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom. Lineear molecular chains tseem muab nylon zoo txheej txheem, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam los ntawm ntau txoj kev sib los xws li kev txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion, thiab tshuab moulding. Muaj qee kis, tej zaum yuav muaj branched qauv nyob rau hauv nylon molecular saw, thiab qib nyli molecular, thiab cov qib kev ceg yuav cuam tshuam rau lub crystallization thiab cov khoom siv tshuab neeg ntawm nylon. Feem ntau hais lus, qib siab dua ntawm cov ceg, qis dua cov crystallinity, kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab muag muag thiab lub zog thiab tawv yuav tsawg.
Tus qauv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Nylon tau muab faib ua Crystalline qauv thiab amorphous qauv. Nylon yog ib nrab-crystalline polymer, thiab cov qauv crystalline yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov degree ntawm crystallinity nyob ntawm yam xws li cov qauv molecular, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev kho cua sov ntawm nylon. Siab dua crystalloinity tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog, hardness, kub ua hauj, thiab nws yuav txo cov tawv thiab pob tshab ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm kev tswj cov qib ntawm crystallinity, kev ua tau zoo ntawm nylon tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li cov kev thov sib txawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm amorphou thaj tsam hauv cov qauv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov nylon. Cov molecular chains nyob rau hauv cov amorphous cheeb tsam yog qhov sib cuam tshuam thiab deformidity, thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev nruj, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nylon.
Txoj kev sib khi mus nyob hauv Nylon molecules tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogen bonds. Qhov muaj ntawm cov hlua khau hydrogen ua rau cov nylon molecules muaj kev sib txuam muaj zog, yog li kev txhim kho lub zog thiab kub ua dhau ntawm cov khoom. Nws tsim yuav cuam tshuam rau cov crystallization cwj pwm ntawm nylon. Thaum lub sij hawm crystallization txheej txheem, hydrogen bonds tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov roj molecular thiab txhim kho crystallinity. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem txwv txoj kev txav ntawm cov roj molecular rau qee yam, yog li cuam tshuam cov khoom sib zog thiab ua cov khoom ntawm cov khoom.
Cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm nylon yog ze ze rau nws cov qauv polymer. Lub zog siab thiab lub zog nruj feem ntau yog los ntawm nws linear molecular saw qauv thiab hydrogen tsev; Thaum tshav kub kub ua tau cuam tshuam nrog nws cov crystallinity thiab thermal ruaj ntawm cov molecular saw; tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion feem ntau yog nyob ntawm nws cov qauv molecular thiab crystallinity; Kev ua tau zoo yog ze ze rau nws cov molecular saw qauv thiab qauv sib sau ua ke.
50% Hiber ntau nylon (feem ntau yog hais txog cov khoom siv nylon txhawb nqa nrog cov fiber ntau engine thiab carbon fiber ntau, xws li ntau lub zog thiab muaj zog. Cov ntsiab lus muaj fiber ntau (50%) Txhim kho txhim kho lub tensile lub zog, flexcural modulus thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom; Cov cua sov kub yog txhim kho, thiab cov cua sov deformation kub tuaj yeem mus txog ntau dua 200 degree; Zoo seem ruaj khov thiab qis shrinkage; Hnav tsis kam thiab nkees tsis kam; Tshuaj lom neeg tiv thaiv yog roj, hnyav thiab qaug zog acid thiab alkali, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis ruaj khov rau hauv cov kua qaub muaj zog lossis muaj zog alkali. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau yuav txo cov tawv thiab ua kom cov khoom siv brittleness, xav tau kev kho kom zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding cov txheej txheem.
To taub cov qauv ntawm cov khoom nylon pab muab tag nrho cov kev ua si rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm nylon. Hauv kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws, nws kuj tuaj yeem qhia cov yam ntxwv thiab tus nqi ntawm Nylon rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab txhawb txoj kev lag luam nylon ntawm cov khoom nylon.